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Indianapolis, Indiana City of Indianapolis and Marion County Indianapolis Museum of Art Indianapolis 500 Downtown Indianapolis horizon and White River, Depew Memorial Fountain and Indiana World War Memorial Plaza, Indianapolis 500, Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, Scottish Rite Cathedral, Indianapolis Museum of Art, and Butler University Flag of Indianapolis, Indiana Flag Official seal of Indianapolis, Indiana Location of Indianapolis in Marion County and Indiana Location of Indianapolis in Marion County and Indiana Location of Indianapolis in the United States Body Indianapolis City-County Council With an estimated populace of 853,173 in 2015, Indianapolis is the second most crowded city in the Midwest, after Chicago, and 14th biggest in the U.S. The town/city is the economic and cultural center of the Indianapolis urbane area, home to 2 million citizens , the 34th most crowded urbane statistical region in the U.S. Indianapolis covers 372 sq mi (960 km2), making it the 16th biggest city by territory area in the U.S. Founded in 1821 as a prepared city for the new seat of the government of Indiana, Indianapolis was platted by Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham on a 1 sq mi (2.6 km2) grid adjoining to the White River. Indianapolis is inside a single-day drive of 70 percent of the nation's population, lending to one of its nicknames as the "Crossroads of America". Anchoring the 26th biggest economic region in the U.S., the city's economy is based primarily on company services, transit and logistics, education, financial services, hospitality and tourism, and distribution services. Indianapolis has advanced niche markets in amateur sports and auto racing. The town/city is perhaps best known for annually hosting the world's biggest single-day sporting event, the Indianapolis 500. Led by the Lilly Endowment, the city's philanthropic improve has been instrumental in the evolution of its cultural establishments, such as The Children's Museum of Indianapolis and Indianapolis Museum of Art. The town/city is notable as command posts for the American Legion and home to a momentous compilation of monuments dedicated to veterans and war dead, the most in the U.S. Main articles: History of Indianapolis, Timeline of Indianapolis, and Indianapolis in the American Civil War A depiction of 1820 Indianapolis Few African Americans lived in central Indiana before 1840. The first European Americans to permanently settle in the region that became Indianapolis were either the Mc - Cormick or Pogue families. On January 11, 1820, the Indiana General Assembly authorized a committee to select a site in central Indiana for the new state capital. The state council allowed the site, adopting the name Indianapolis on January 6, 1821. In April, Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham were appointed to survey and design a town plan for the new settlement. Indianapolis became a seat of county government on December 31, 1821, when Marion County, was established. A combined county and town government continued until 1832 when Indianapolis incorporated as a town. Indianapolis became an incorporated town/city effective March 30, 1847. Samuel Henderson, the city's first mayor, led the new town/city government, which encompassed a seven-member town/city council. The town/city charter continued to be revised as Indianapolis expanded. Effective January 1, 1825, the seat of state government relocated to Indianapolis from Corydon, Indiana. Growth occurred with the opening of the National Road through the town in 1827, the first primary federally funded highway in the United States. A small segment of the ultimately floundered Indiana Central Canal was opened in 1839. The first barns to serve Indianapolis, the Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis Railroad, began operation in 1847, and subsequent barns connections fostered growth. Indianapolis Union Station was the first of its kind in the world when it opened in 1853. During the American Civil War, Indianapolis was loyal to the Union cause. For his presidential inauguration, marking the first visit from a president-elect in the city's history. On April 16, 1861, the first orders were issued to form Indiana's first regiments and establish Indianapolis as a command posts the state's volunteer soldiers. Within a week, more than 12,000 recruits signed up to fight for the Union. Indianapolis became a primary logistics core during the war, establishing the town/city as a crucial military base. Between 1860 and 1870, the city's populace more than doubled. An estimated 4,000 men from Indianapolis served in 39 regiments, and an estimated 700 died amid the war. On May 20, 1863, Union soldiers attempted to disrupt a statewide Democratic convention at Indianapolis, forcing the proceedings to be adjourned, sarcastically referred to as the Battle of Pogue's Run. Fear turned to panic in July 1863, amid Morgan's Raid into southern Indiana, but Confederate forces turned east toward Ohio, never reaching Indianapolis. On April 30, 1865, Lincoln's funeral train made a stop at Indianapolis, where an estimated crowd of more than 100,000 citizens passed the assassinated president's bier at the Indiana Statehouse. In 1880, Indianapolis was the world's third biggest pork packing city, after Chicago and Cincinnati, and the second biggest barns center in the United States by 1888. By 1890, the city's populace surpassed 100,000. Some of the city's most notable businesses were established during this reconstructionof expansion and innovation, including L. Once home to 60 automakers, Indianapolis rivaled Detroit as a center of automobile manufacturing. The town/city was an early focus of workforce organization. The Indianapolis Street Car Strike of 1913 and subsequent police mutiny and riots led to the creation of the state's earliest labor-protection laws, including a minimum wage, regular work weeks, and improved working conditions. The International Typographical Union and United Mine Workers of America were among a several influential workforce unions to be based in the city. The inaugural Indianapolis 500 in 1911. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, dedicated on May 15, 1902, would later turn into the city's unofficial symbol. Ray Harroun won the inaugural running of the Indianapolis 500, held May 30, 1911, at Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Indianapolis was one of the hardest hit metros/cities in the Great Flood of 1913, resulting in five known deaths and the displacement of 7,000 families. Indianapolis served as a stop on the Underground Railroad, and up to the time of the Great Migration in the early 20th century, the town/city had a higher black populace (nearly 10%) than any other town/city in the Northern States. Led by D. Stephenson, the Indiana Klan became the most powerful political and civil organization in Indianapolis from 1921 through 1928, controlling City Council, the Board of School Commissioners, and the Board of County Commissioners. More than 40% of native-born white males in Indianapolis claimed membership in the Klan. The plan removed redundancies, captured increasingly suburbanizing tax revenue, and created a Republican political machine that dominated Indianapolis politics until the 2000s. Unigov went into effect on January 1, 1970, increasing the city's territory area by 308.2 square miles (798 km2) and populace by 268,366 citizens . It was the first primary city-county consolidation to occur in the United States without a popular vote since the creation of the City of Greater New York in 1898. Amid the shifts in government and growth, the town/city invested in an aggressive strategy to brand Indianapolis as a sport tourism destination. Under the administration of the city's longest-serving mayor, William Hudnut (1976 1992), millions of dollars were poured into sport facilities. Throughout the 1980s, $122 million in enhance and private funding assembled the Indianapolis Tennis Center, Major Taylor Velodrome, Indiana University Natatorium, Carroll Track and Soccer Stadium, and Hoosier Dome. The latter universal secured the 1984 relocation of the NFL Baltimore Colts and the 1987 Pan American Games. The economic evolution strategy succeeded in revitalizing the central company precinct through the 1990s, with the openings of the Indianapolis Zoo (1988), Canal Walk (1989 2001), Circle Centre Mall (1995), Victory Field (1996), and Conseco Fieldhouse (1999). During the 2000s, the town/city continued investing heavily in transit framework projects, including two of the biggest building projects in the city's history: the $1.1 billion Col. Indianapolis is positioned in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States, in central Indiana. Enumeration Bureau, the Indianapolis (balance) encompasses a total region of 368.2 square miles (954 km2), of which 361.5 square miles (936 km2) is territory and 6.7 square miles (17 km2) is water. The merged town/city boundaries are coterminous with Marion County, with the exception of the autonomous municipalities of Beech Grove, Lawrence, Southport, and Speedway. Indianapolis is the 16th biggest city by territory area in the U.S. Indianapolis is situated inside the Tipton Till Plain, a flat to gently sloping terrain underlain by glacial deposits known as till. The lowest point in the town/city is about 650 feet (198 m) above mean sea level, with the highest natural altitude at about 900 feet (274 m) above sea level. Few hills or short ridges, known as kames, rise about 100 feet (30 m) to 130 feet (40 m) above the encircling terrain. The town/city lies just north of the Indiana Uplands, a region characterized by rolling hills and high limestone content. See also: List of tallest buildings in Indianapolis Panorama of the downtown Indianapolis horizon in 2016. Indianapolis is a prepared city. On January 11, 1820, the Indiana General Assembly authorized a committee to select a site in central Indiana for the new state capital, appointing Alexander Ralston and Elias Pym Fordham to survey and design a town plan for Indianapolis. Ralston's initial plan for Indianapolis called for a town of 1 square mile (2.6 km2), near the confluence of the White River and Fall Creek. The plan, known as the Mile Square, is bounded by East, West, North, and South streets, centered on a traffic circle, called Monument Circle (originally Governor's Circle), from which the town/city was nicknamed the "Circle City." Four diagonal streets radiated a block from Monument Circle: Massachusetts, Virginia, Kentucky, and Indiana avenues. The city's address numbering fitness begins at the intersection of Washington and Meridian streets. Before its submersion into a sanitary tunnel, Pogue's Run was encompassed into the plan, disrupting the rectilinear street grid to the southeast. Noted as one of the finest examples of the City Beautiful boss design in the United States, the seven-block Indiana World War Memorial Plaza Historic District began assembly in 1921 in downtown Indianapolis. The National Historic Landmark includes the Neoclassical American Legion and Central Library buildings, Depew Memorial Fountain, a several sculptures and memorials, and open space, hosting many annual civic affairs. Indiana limestone is the signature building material in Indianapolis, widely encompassed in the city's many monuments, churches, academic, government, and civic buildings. See also: List of Indianapolis neighborhoods The town/city is divided into 99 improve areas for statistical purposes, though many lesser neighborhoods exist inside these areas. Indianapolis' neighborhoods are often difficult to define because the town/city lacks historical ethnic divisions, as in Chicago, or physical boundaries, seen in Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. Instead, most neighborhoods are subtle in their distinct ions. The Indianapolis Historic Preservation Commission recognizes a several neighborhoods as historic districts, including: Central Court, Chatham Arch, Golden Hill, Herron-Morton Place, Lockerbie Square, Old Northside, and Oliver Johnson's Woods. Between 1950 and 1990, over 155,000 inhabitants left Center Township, resulting in urban blight and disinvestment. Since the 2000s, downtown Indianapolis and encircling neighborhoods have seen increased reinvestment attributed to nationwide demographic trends, driven by empty nesters and millennials. By 2020, downtown is projected to have 30,000 residentiary units, compared to 18,300 in 2010. Renewed interest in urban living has been met with some dispute regarding gentrification and affordable housing. According to a Center for Community Progress report, neighborhoods like Cottage Home and Fall Creek Place have experienced calculable gentrification since 2000. Indianapolis is in the humid continental climate zone (Koppen: Dfa) using the 0 C (32 F) isotherm, experiencing four distinct seasons. The town/city is in USDA hardiness zone 6a. Climate data for Indianapolis (Indianapolis International Airport), 1981 2010 normals, extremes 1871 present See also: History of the Irish in Indianapolis Enumeration Bureau considers Indianapolis as two entities: the merged town/city and the city's remainder, or balance. The city's balance excludes the populations of ten semi-autonomous municipalities that are encompassed in totals for the merged city. These are Clermont, Crows Nest, Homecroft, Meridian Hills, North Crows Nest, Rocky Ripple, Spring Hill, Warren Park, Williams Creek and Wynnedale. The city's merged populace for the year 2012 was 844,220. The city's remainder, or balance, populace was estimated at 834,852 for 2012, a 2% increase over the total populace of 820,445 reported in the 2010 U.S. Census. As of 2010, the city's populace density was 2,270 persons per square mile. Indianapolis is the most crowded city in Indiana, including 12.8% of the state's total population. Map of ethnic distribution in Indianapolis, 2010 U.S. The Indianapolis urbane region (MSA) (officially known as the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson MSA) consists of Marion County and the encircling counties of Boone, Brown, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Madison, Morgan, Putnam and Shelby. As of 2012, the urbane area's populace was 1,798,634, the most crowded in Indiana. Indianapolis anchors the larger Indianapolis-Carmel-Muncie combined statistical region (CSA), with a populace of 2,336,237. Indianapolis is also situated inside the Great Lakes Megalopolis, one of 11 megaregions in the U.S. Enumeration of 2010, 97.2% of the Indianapolis populace was reported as one race: 61.8% White, 27.5% Black or African American, 2.1% Asian (0.4% Burmese, 0.4% Indian, 0.3% Chinese, 0.3% Filipino, 0.1% Korean, 0.1% Vietnamese, 0.1% Japanese, 0.1% Thai, 0.1% other Asian); 0.3% American Indian, and 5.5% as other. The remaining 2.8% of the populace was reported as multiracial (two or more competitions). The city's Hispanic or Latino improve comprised 9.4% of the city's populace in the 2010 U.S. Enumeration for 2010 reported 332,199 homeholds in Indianapolis, with an average homehold size of 2.42 and an average family size of 3.08. Of the total homeholds, 59.3% were family homeholds, with 28.2% of these including the family's own kids under the age of 18; 36.5% were husband-wife families; 17.2% had a female homeholder (with no husband present) and 5.6% had a male homeholder (with no wife present). Enumeration Bureau's 2007 2011 American Community Survey pointed out the median homehold income for Indianapolis town/city was $42,704, and the median family income was $53,161. Median income for males working full-time, year-round, was $42,101, compared to $34,788 for females. As of 2015, the Indianapolis urbane region had the 18th highest percentage of LGBT inhabitants in the U.S., with 4.2% of inhabitants identifying as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. Indianapolis is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. In October 2016, Pope Francis announced that archbishop Joseph William Tobin, C.Ss.R., would be created cardinal in November 2016, making him the first sitting archbishop of Indianapolis to serve in this part . The Archdiocese of Indianapolis also operates Bishop Simon Brute College Seminary, affiliated with Marian University, while the Christian Theological Seminary is affiliated with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). Indianapolis is the seat of the Episcopal Diocese of Indianapolis, based from Christ Church Cathedral. Contributing to an annual gross urbane product (GMP) of $125.9 billion, the Indianapolis urbane region is the 26th biggest economic region in the U.S. And 42nd biggest in the world. The biggest industry sectors by employment are manufacturing, community care and civil services, and retail trade. Compared to Indiana as a whole, the Indianapolis urbane region has a lower proportion of manufacturing jobs and a higher concentration of jobs in wholesale trade; administrative, support, and waste management; professional, scientific, and technical services; and transit and warehousing. The city's primary exports include pharmaceuticals, motor vehicle parts, medical equipment and supplies, engine and power equipment, and airplane products and parts. As of March 2017, the unemployment rate was 3.5 percent. Based in Indianapolis, Eli Lilly and Company is the city's biggest employer. (33); pharmaceutical business Eli Lilly (141); and Simon Property Group (488), the biggest real estate investment trust in the U.S. Columbus, Indiana-based Cummins (160) opened its Global Distribution Headquarters in downtown Indianapolis in 2017. Three Fortune 1000 companies are positioned in the city: hydrocarbon manufacturer Calumet Specialty Products Partners (571); retailer hhgregg (937); and automotive transmission manufacturer Allison Transmission (979). Two more Fortune 1000 companies are positioned in the suburb of Carmel: financial services holding business CNO Financial Group (611) and KAR Auction Services (808). Other notable companies based in the Indianapolis urbane region include: media conglomerate Emmis Communications; retailers Finish Line, Lids (Zionsville), and Marsh Supermarkets (Fishers); county-wide airline owner Republic Airways; truckload carrier Celadon Group; and restaurant chains Noble Roman's, Scotty's Brewhouse and Steak 'n Shake. Like many Midwestern cities, recent deindustrialization trends have had a momentous impact on Indianapolis' economy. Once home to 60 automakers, Indianapolis rivaled Detroit as a center of automobile manufacturing in the early 20th century. Between 1990 and 2012, approximately 26,900 manufacturing jobs were lost in the city, including the automotive plant closures of Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors. In 2016, Carrier Corporation announced the closure of its Indianapolis plant, moving 1,400 manufacturing jobs to Mexico. Since 1915, Rolls-Royce Holdings has had operations in Indianapolis. It is the third biggest manufacturing employer and thirteenth biggest employer overall in the city, with a workforce of 4,300 in airplane engine evolution and manufacturing. Biotechnology, life sciences and community care are primary sectors of Indianapolis' economy. As of 2016, Eli Lilly and Company was the biggest private employer in the city, with more than 11,000 workers. The North American command posts for Roche Diagnostics and Dow Agro - Sciences are also positioned in the city. A 2014 report by Battelle Memorial Institute and Biotechnology Industry Organization pointed out that the Indianapolis Carmel Anderson MSA was the only U.S. The city's central locale and extensive highway and rail transit framework have positioned Indianapolis as an meaningful logistics center, home to 1,500 distribution firms employing some 100,000 workers. As home to the second biggest Fed - Ex Express core in the world, Indianapolis International Airport rates as the sixth busiest U.S. Airport in terms of air cargo, handling over 1 million tons and employing 6,600 in 2015. Indianapolis is a core for CSX Transportation, home to its division headquarters, an intermodal terminal, and classification yard (in the suburb of Avon). Amtrak's Beech Grove Shops, in the enclave of Beech Grove, serve as its major heavy maintenance and overhaul facility, while the Indianapolis Distribution Center is the company's biggest material and supply terminal. In 2011, the Indianapolis urbane region was ranked as the tenth biggest inland port in the U.S. According to Visit Indy, 28.2 million visitors generated $4.9 billion in 2015, the fourth straight year of record growth. Indianapolis has long been a sport tourism destination, but has more recently relied on conventions. The Indiana Convention Center (ICC) and Lucas Oil Stadium are considered mega meeting hall facilities, with a combined 750,000 feet (230,000 m) of exhibition space. ICC is connected to 12 hotels and 4,700 hotel rooms, the most of any U.S. Convention center. In 2008, the facility hosted 42 nationwide conventions with an attendance of 317,815; in 2014, it hosted 106 for an attendance of 635,701. Since 2003, Indianapolis has hosted Gen Con, one of the biggest gaming conventions in North America. USA Today titled Indianapolis the best convention town/city in 2014. Indianapolis rates among the quickest high-tech job expansion areas in the U.S. The urbane region is home to 28,500 knowledge technology-related jobs at such companies as Angie's List, Appirio, Genesys, Ingram Micro, and Salesforce Marketing Cloud. In 1999, Indianapolis designated six cultural districts to capitalize on cultural establishments inside historically momentous neighborhoods unique to the city's heritage. These include Broad Ripple Village, Canal and White River State Park, Fountain Square, Indiana Avenue, Mass Ave, and Wholesale. A seventh cultural district, Market East, was designated in 2014. After 12 years of planning and six years of construction, the Indianapolis Cultural Trail: A Legacy of Gene and Marilyn Glick officially opened in 2013. The $62.5 million public-private partnership, spurred by an initial donation of $15 million by builder/philanthropist Gene B. Indianapolis is home to dozens of annual celebrations and affairs highlighting small-town culture. Notable affairs include the "Month of May" (a series of celebrations dominant to the Indianapolis 500), Circle City IN Pride, Indiana Black Expo, Indiana State Fair, and Historic Irvington Halloween Festival. Robert Indiana's iconic LOVE at the Indianapolis Museum of Art. Founded in 1883, the Indianapolis Museum of Art (IMA) is the ninth earliest[note 1] and eighth biggest encyclopedic art exhibition in the U.S.[note 2] The permanent compilation comprises over 54,000 works, including African, American, Asian and European pieces. In addition to its collections, the exhibition consists of 100 Acres: The Virginia B. The Indianapolis Art Center, positioned in Broad Ripple Village, was established in 1934 by the Works Project Administration. The center opened at its Michael Graves-designed building in 1996, including three enhance art arcades, 11 studios, a library, auditorium and Arts - Park along the White River. The Indianapolis Museum of Contemporary Art was established in 2001, and is positioned in The Murphy Art Center in Fountain Square. Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and Western Art opened in 1989 at White River State Park as the only Native American art exhibition in the Midwest. Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) contains the Herron School of Art and Design. Madame Walker Theatre Center opened on Indiana Avenue in 1927 as a cultural center for the city's African American community. Indianapolis' most notable performing arts venues are positioned in the Mass Ave cultural precinct or Downtown. Located on Monument Circle since 1916, the 1,786-seat Hilbert Circle Theatre is the current home of the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra. Madame Walker Theatre Center also opened that year on Indiana Avenue, in the heart of the city's African American neighborhood. Walker, an African American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and activist who began her beauty empire in Indianapolis. Old National Centre at the Murat Shrine is the earliest stage home in Indianapolis, opened in 1909. The building is a prime example of Moorish Revival architecture and features a 2,600-seat performing arts theatre, 1,800-seat concert hall, and 600-seat multi-functional room, hosting approximately 300 enhance and private affairs throughout the year. The nonprofit Phoenix Theatre focuses on intact theatrical productions. The Athen um, homes the American Cabaret Theater and Young Actors Theater. Other notable venues include the Indianapolis Artsgarden, a performing arts center suspended over the intersection of Washington and Illinois streets, Clowes Memorial Hall on the Butler University campus, and The Emerson Theater in Little Flower. Indianapolis is home to Bands of America (BOA), a nationwide organization of high school marching, concert, and jazz bands, and the global headquarters of Drum Corps International (DCI), a experienced drum and bugle corps association. Annual music affairs include the International Violin Competition of Indianapolis, Midwest Music Summit, and Indy Jazz Fest. The Heartland Film Festival, Indianapolis International Film Festival, Indianapolis Jewish Film Festival, Indianapolis Theatre Fringe Festival and the Indianapolis Alternative Media Festival are annual affairs held in the city. Indianapolis was at the center of the Golden Age of Indiana Literature from 1870 to 1920. Several notable poets and writers based in the town/city accomplished nationwide eminence and critical acclaim amid this period, including James Whitcomb Riley, Booth Tarkington and Meredith Nicholson. In A History of Indiana Literature, Arthur W. In it Indiana, and especially Indianapolis, became a literary center which in many ways rivaled the East." A 1947 study found that Indiana authors ranked second to New York in the number of bestsellers produced in the previous 40 years. Located in Lockerbie Square, the James Whitcomb Riley Museum Home has been a National Historic Landmark since 1962. Vonnegut became known for including at least one character in his novels from Indianapolis. Upon returning to the town/city in 1986, Vonnegut acknowledged the influence the town/city had on his writings: "All my jokes are Indianapolis. All my attitudes are Indianapolis. My adenoids are Indianapolis. If I ever severed myself from Indianapolis, I would be out of business. Indianapolis is the current home to bestselling young adult fiction writer John Green, known for his critically acclaimed 2012 novel The Fault in Our Stars, set in the city. "Bucky," a juvenile Tyrannosaurus specimen at The Children's Museum of Indianapolis. Monument Circle is symbolic of Indianapolis, represented on the civic flag. The Children's Museum of Indianapolis is the biggest of its kind in the world. In total, the exhibition has 472,900 square feet (43,933.85 m2) of floor space. The exhibition has a compilation of over 120,000 artifacts, divided into three collections: Natural World, Cultural World, and American. The exhibition's compilation includes the Broad Ripple Park Carousel, a National Historic Landmark. Because of its leadership and innovations, the exhibition is a world prestige in its field. Child and Parents periodical have both ranked the exhibition as the best children's exhibition in the United States. The "institution is considered the gold standard of exhibitions for children." The exhibition is one of the city's most prominent attractions, with 1.2 million visitors in 2014. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway Museum (in Speedway) exhibits an extensive compilation of auto racing memorabilia highlighting various motorsports and automotive history. The exhibition is the permanent home of the Borg-Warner Trophy, presented to Indianapolis 500 winners. Daily grounds and track tours are also based at the exhibition. The NCAA Hall of Champions opened in 2000 at White River State Park housing collegiate athletic artifacts and interactive exhibits covering all 23 NCAA-sanctioned sports. Indianapolis is home to a several exhibitions relating to Indiana history, including the Indiana Historical Society, Indiana State Library and Historical Bureau, Indiana State Museum, and Indiana Medical History Museum. Indiana Landmarks, the biggest private statewide historic preservation organization in the United States, is positioned in the city. The Benjamin Harrison Presidential Site, positioned in the Old Northside Historic District, is open for daily tours and includes thousands of books and memorabilia relating to the 23rd President of the United States. Two exhibitions and a several memorials in the town/city memorialize armed forces or conflict, including the Colonel Eli Lilly Civil War Museum at the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument and Indiana World War Memorial Military Museum at the Indiana World War Memorial Plaza. Indianapolis contains the biggest compilation of monuments dedicated to veterans and war dead in the country, outside of Washington, D.C. Other notable sites are Crown Hill National Cemetery, Landmark for Peace, the Medal of Honor Memorial, Project 9/11 Indianapolis and the USS Indianapolis National Memorial. Indianapolis City Market was established in 1821. Indianapolis has an emerging food scene as well as established eateries. Founded in 1821 as the city's enhance market, the Indianapolis City Market has served the improve from its current building since 1886. In 2016, Conde Nast Traveler titled Indianapolis the "most underrated food town/city in the U.S.," while ranking Milktooth as one of the best restaurants in the world. Food & Wine called Indianapolis the "rising star of the Midwest," recognizing Milktooth, Rook, Amelia's, and Bluebeard, all in Fletcher Place. Several Indianapolis chefs and restaurateurs have been semifinalists in the James Beard Foundation Awards in recent years. Microbreweries are quickly becoming a staple in the city, increasing fivefold since 2009. There are now about 50 craft brewers in Indianapolis, with Sun King Brewing being the largest. For some time, Indianapolis was known as the "100 Percent American City" for its ethnic and ethnic homogeneity. Historically, these factors, as well as low taxes and wages, provided chain restaurants a mostly stable market to test dining preferences before expanding nationwide. As a result, the Indianapolis urbane region had the highest concentration of chain restaurants per capita of any market in the U.S. Main article: Sports in Indianapolis Lucas Oil Stadium, home to the Indianapolis Colts since 2008. Victory Field, home to the Indianapolis Indians since 1996. Two primary league sports squads are based in Indianapolis: the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL) and the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Indianapolis Indians of the International League (AAA) is the second earliest minor league charter in American experienced baseball, established in 1902. The Indians have won 25 division titles, 14 league titles, and seven championships, most recently in 2000. Butler University and Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) are NCAA Division I schools based in the city. Traditionally, Indianapolis' Hinkle Fieldhouse was the core for Hoosier Hysteria, a general excitement around the game of basketball throughout the state, specifically the Indiana High School Boys Basketball Tournament. Hinkle, a National Historic Landmark, was opened in 1928 as the world's biggest basketball arena, with seating for 15,000. It is regarded as "Indiana's Basketball Cathedral". Indianapolis has been called the "Amateur Sports Capital of the World". The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the chief governing body for U.S. Collegiate sports, and the National Federation of State High School Associations are based in Indianapolis. Indianapolis is also home to three nationwide sport governing bodies, as recognized by the United States Olympic Committee: USA Gymnastics; USA Diving; and USA Track & Field. Indianapolis hosts various sporting affairs annually, including the Circle City Classic (1983 present), NFL Scouting Combine (1987 present), and Big Ten Football Championship Game (2011 present). Indianapolis is tied with New York City for having hosted the second most NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championships (1980, 1991, 1997, 2000, 2006, 2010, and 2015). The town/city will host the men's Final Four next in 2021. Notable past affairs include the NBA All-Star Game (1985), Pan American Games X (1987), US Open Series Indianapolis Tennis Championships (1988 2009), World Rowing Championships (1994), World Police and Fire Games (2001), FIBA Basketball World Cup (2002), and Super Bowl XLVI (2012). Indianapolis is home to the One - America 500 Festival Mini-Marathon, the biggest half marathon and seventh biggest running event in the U.S. The mini-marathon is held the first weekend of May as part of the 500 Festival, dominant up to the Indianapolis 500. Indianapolis is a primary center for motorsports. Since 1911, Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) (in the enclave of Speedway, Indiana) has been the site of the Indianapolis 500, an open-wheel automobile race held each Memorial Day weekend. Considered part of the Triple Crown of Motorsport, the Indianapolis 500 is the world's biggest single-day sporting event, hosting more than 257,000 permanent seats. The town/city is command posts to INDYCAR, the sanctioning body for American Championship car racing, and more than 500 motorsports companies and racing teams, employing some 10,000 citizens in the region. Indianapolis is so well connected with racing that it has inspired the name "Indy - Car," used for both the competition and type of car used in it. IMS hosted the seventh round of the 2016 Red Bull Air Race World Championship. Lucas Oil Raceway at Indianapolis, in close-by Hendricks County, is home to the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) U.S. Recreational trails, including the Canal Walk, Pleasant Run Trail, and Monon Trail, are used for walking, running, and cycling, accommodating 2.8 million users in 2012. There are 13 enhance golf courses in the city. Military Park was established as the city's first enhance park in 1852. By the 20th century, the town/city enlisted landscape architect George Kessler to conceive a framework for Indianapolis' undivided parks system. Kessler's 1909 Indianapolis Park and Boulevard Plan linked notable parks, such as Brookside, Ellenberger, and Garfield, with a fitness of parkways following the city's waterways. In 2003, the system's 3,474 acres (1,406 ha) were added to the National Register of Historic Places. Encompassing 250 acres (100 ha), White River is the city's primary urban park, home to the Indianapolis Zoo and White River Gardens. As of 2015, the zoo was home to nearly 1,400 animals of 214 species and 31,000 plants, including many threatened and endangered species. The Indianapolis Zoo is the biggest privately funded zoo in the U.S. And one of the city's most visited attractions, with 1.2 million guests in 2014. Indianapolis lies about 50 miles (80 km) north of two state forests, Morgan Monroe and Yellowwood, and one nationwide forest, Hoosier. According to the Trust for Public Land's 2016 Park - Score Index, Indianapolis rates 95th of the 100 biggest U.S. Cities in accessibility to enhance parks and open space, with some 68% of inhabitants under served. The city's vast territory area and low enhance funding contributed to the ranking. Main articles: Government of Indianapolis and List of mayors of Indianapolis The Indiana Statehouse is the seat of state government, housing the Indiana Supreme Court and Indiana General Assembly. Indianapolis has a merged city-county government known as Unigov, a status it has held since 1970. Under this system, many functions of the town/city and county governments are merged , though some remain separate. The town/city has a mayor-council form of government. "Joe" Hogsett, a Democrat, is the 49th and current mayor of Indianapolis. As the state capital, Indianapolis is the seat of Indiana's state government. The Indiana Statehouse, positioned downtown, homes the executive, legislative, and judicial chapters of state government, including the office of the governor, Indiana General Assembly, Indiana Court of Appeals, and the Indiana Supreme Court. Most of Indianapolis is inside the 7th Congressional District of Indiana, represented by Andre Carson (D). Northern portions of the town/city are in the 5th District, represented by Susan Brooks (R). Federal field offices are positioned in the Birch Bayh Federal Building and United States Courthouse (which homes the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana) and Minton-Capehart Federal Building. Indianapolis was considered one of the most conservative primary cities in the United States. Republicans held the mayor's office for 32 years (1967 1999), and controlled the City-County Council from its inception in 1970 to 2003. More recently, Republicans are stronger in the southern and parts of the county (Decatur, Franklin, Perry, and Wayne, townships), whereas Democrats have been stronger in the central and northern parts of the county (Center, Pike, and Washington townships). The candidates had similar plans for addressing the city's issues, and the commonality between them contributed to a very low voter turnout. Hogsett previously held enhance office as Indiana Secretary of State, and had served in government for over 30 years, giving him greater name recognition than Brewer, a small-town restaurateur. Hogsett was propel with 63% of the vote, officially taking office on January 1, 2016. The 2015 City-County Council elections also left Democrats in control of City-County Council, holding a 13 12 majority over Republicans, only the second time since the creation of Unigov that Democrats controlled both the mayor's office and council. Indianapolis The Indianapolis Fire Department (IFD) provides fire protection services for 278 square miles (720 km2) of Marion County. IFD operates 44 stations, including 1,205 sworn firefighters. IFD responded to nearly 100,000 incidents in 2014. As of 2016, Ernest Malone was the fire chief. Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department's (IMPD) jurisdiction covers most of Marion County, with the exception of Beech Grove, Lawrence, Speedway, and the Indianapolis Airport Authority. In 2009, IMPD directed six precincts, including 1,617 sworn police personnel. As of 2017, Bryan Roach is the chief of police. Indianapolis was ranked as the 33rd most dangerous town/city in the U.S. Central Library is the core of Indianapolis Public Library's 23-branch system. Indianapolis has nine unified enhance school districts: Franklin Township Community School Corporation, MSD Decatur Township, MSD Lawrence Township, MSD Perry Township, MSD Pike Township, MSD Warren Township, MSD Washington Township, MSD Wayne Township, and Indianapolis Public Schools (IPS). IPS is the biggest enhance school precinct in Indiana, serving nearly 30,000 students. A number of private major and secondary schools are directed through the Archdiocese of Indianapolis, charters, or other autonomous organizations. Public library services are provided to the people of Indianapolis and Marion County by the Indianapolis Public Library. The Indianapolis Public Library served 4.2 million patrons in 2014, with a circulation of 15.9 million materials. Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis has the city's biggest higher education enrollment. Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) was established in 1969 after merging the branch campuses of Indiana University and Purdue University. IUPUI's current enrollment is 30,105, the third biggest in the state. IUPUI has two universities and 18 schools, including the Herron School of Art and Design, Robert H. Mc - Kinney School of Law, School of Dentistry, and the Indiana University School of Medicine, the biggest medical school in the U.S. The town/city is home to the biggest campus for Ivy Tech, Central Indiana Region, a state-funded improve college serving nearly 100,000 students athwart Indiana. Five private universities are based in Indianapolis. Marian has an enrollment of about 2,137 students. Founded in 1902, the University of Indianapolis is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. The school's current enrollment is 4,169 students. Martin University was established in 1977 and is the state's only predominately black university. Crossroads Bible College and Indiana Bible College are small Christian universities located in the city. Satellite campuses positioned in the town/city include Ball State University College of Architecture and Planning, Grace College, Indiana Institute of Technology, Indiana Wesleyan University, and Vincennes University. The Indianapolis News Building homed the Indianapolis News until 1949. Founded in 1903, The Indianapolis Star is the city's daily morning newspaper. The Star is owned by the Gannett Company, with a daily circulation of 127,064. The Indianapolis News was the city's daily evening journal and earliest print media, presented from 1869 to 1999. Notable weeklies include NUVO, an alternative weekly newspaper, the Indianapolis Recorder, a weekly journal serving the small-town African American community, the Indianapolis Business Journal, reporting on small-town real estate, and the Southside Times. Indianapolis Monthly is the city's monthly lifestyle publication. Popular nationally syndicated radio program The Bob & Tom Show has been based at Indianapolis airways broadcast WFBQ since 1983. As of 2016, the Indianapolis urbane region was the 27th biggest tv market and 39th biggest radio market in the U.S. Indianapolis natives Jane Pauley and David Letterman launched their notable transmitting careers in small-town media, Pauley with WISH-TV and Letterman with WTHR-TV, in the order given. Motion pictures at least partially filmed in the town/city include Speedway, To Please a Lady, Winning, Hoosiers, Going All the Way, Eight Men Out, and Eagle Eye. Television series set in Indianapolis have encompassed One Day at a Time; Good Morning, Miss Bliss; Men Behaving Badly; Close to Home; the second season of anthology drama American Crime, and HGTV's Good Bones. Washington Street (National Road) at Illinois Street in 1904, one block from the Indianapolis Traction Terminal. The first primary federally funded highway in the U.S., the National Road, reached Indianapolis in 1836, followed by the barns in 1847. By 1850, eight barns s converged in the city, ending its isolation from the rest of the nation and ushering in a new era of growth. Indianapolis Union Station opened in 1853 as the world's first union station. Citizen's Street and Railway Company was established in 1864, operating the city's first mule-drawn streetcar line. By 1890, electric-powered streetcars began running. Opened in 1904, the Indianapolis Traction Terminal was the biggest interurban station in the world, handling 500 trains daily and 7 million passengers annually. Ultimately doomed by the automobile, the terminal closed in 1941, followed by the streetcar fitness in 1957. Indianapolis' current transit infrastructure comprises a complex network that includes a enhance bus system, two Amtrak passenger rail lines, multiple freight rail lines, an Interstate Highway System, two airports, a heliport, a private citizens mover, carshare and bikeshare systems, and miles of bike lanes and trails. An expansion universal to extend Interstate 69 from Evansville to Indianapolis is in progress. The dominant mode of transit in the region is the automobile, with 92.6% of inhabitants commuting by car, most traveling alone (83.4%). This reliance on the automobile has affected the city's evolution patterns, with Walk Score ranking Indianapolis as one of the least walkable large metros/cities in the U.S. Only 2.7% of inhabitants walk or bike to work. The town/city has encouraged enhanced bicycle and pedestrian transit framework in recent years. The Indianapolis Public Transportation Corporation, branded as Indy - Go, operates the city's enhance transit network. Carson Transit Center opened, the downtown core for 27 of its 31 bus routes. The Central Indiana Regional Transportation Authority (CIRTA) is a quasi-governmental agency that operates three enhance buses from Indianapolis to employment centers in Plainfield and Whitestown. Indianapolis International Airport (IND) is the busiest airport in the state, serving 8 million passengers in 2015. Completed in 2008, the Col. Airport in terms of air cargo, handling over 1 million tons in 2015. The Indianapolis Airport Authority also manages Eagle Creek Airpark and the only public-use heliport in the state, the Indianapolis Downtown Heliport. Amtrak presently provides two intercity rail lines to Indianapolis via Union Station, serving about 30,000 passengers in 2015. The Cardinal makes three weekly trips between New York City and Chicago, while the Hoosier State operates on the four days the Cardinal does not operate, running to Chicago. Three intercity bus service providers stop in the city: Greyhound Lines and Burlington Trailways (via Union Station), and Megabus (via City Market). The Indiana University Health People Mover opened in 2003 connecting IU Health's medical facilities with the Indiana University School of Medicine. It is presently the lone example of commuter rail in Indianapolis and is also notable for being the only private transit fitness in the U.S. See also: List of hospitals in Indianapolis Indianapolis Emergency Medical Services (IEMS) covers six townships inside the town/city (Center, Franklin, Lawrence, Perry, Warren, and Washington) and the town of Speedway. The Academic Health Center is anchored by the Indiana University School of Medicine, the second biggest medical school in the U.S. Riley Hospital for Children is among the nation's foremost pediatric community centers, recognized in all ten specialties by U.S. Indianapolis' enhance medical center, the Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital, opened in 2013 after a $754 million universal to replace Wishard Memorial Hospital on the IUPUI campus. Vincent Indianapolis Hospital is the flagship medical center of St. Vincent Indianapolis includes Peyton Manning Children's Hospital, St. Franciscan Health Indianapolis' flagship medical center is positioned on the city's far south side. Electricity is provided by Indianapolis Power & Light (IPL), a subsidiary of AES Corporation. IPL generates 3,343 MW of electricity at four power stations, two wind farms, and 34 solar farms, covering a service region of 528 square miles (1,370 km2). Even with a portfolio comprised 100% of nonrenewable energy sources in 2007, IPL ended coal-firing operations at its Harding Street Station in 2016. In 2016, Indianapolis had the second highest number of photovoltaics (PVs) per capita in the U.S. Generating Station for the downtown Indianapolis precinct heating system, the second biggest in the U.S. Main article: List of citizens from Indianapolis Indianapolis has six sister metros/cities and two friendship metros/cities as designated by Sister Cities International. Indianapolis portal Indianapolis Catacombs Official records for Indianapolis kept at downtown from February 1871 to December 1942, and at Indianapolis Int'l since January 1943. Are: Peabody Essex Museum, 1799; Wadsworth Atheneum, 1842; Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1870; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1870; Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1876; Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio, 1878; Art Institute of Chicago, 1879; Cincinnati Art Museum, 1881; Portland Museum of Art, 1882; Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1883. a b c d Bodenhamer, David; Barrows, Robert, eds. The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. League of Women Voters of Indianapolis. "Indianapolis (city (balance)), Indiana". "American Fact - Finder Results (Indianapolis town/city (balance), Indiana)". "Metro Indianapolis Export Plan" (PDF). "Capital at the Crossroads of America Indianapolis: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary". Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. "About - Indiana Landmarks". "Monumental Indianapolis: Touring Indianapolis memorials". The Indianapolis Star. Howard's Directory for the City of Indianapolis: Containing a Correct List of Citizens' Names, Their Residence and Place of Business, with a Historical Sketch of Indianapolis from its Earliest History to the Present Day. Indianapolis: Marion County Historical Society. 1; Centennial History of Indianapolis, p. 2; Centennial History of Indianapolis, p. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. 8, 46 and 49; Centennial History of Indianapolis, p. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Indianapolis: A Historical and Statistical Sketch of the Railroad City, A Chronicle of its Social, Municipal, Commercial and Manufacturing Progress with Full Statistical Tables. Indianapolis: Indianapolis Journal. Bodenhamer, David; Barrows, Robert, eds. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. "Indianapolis Union Railroad Station". Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. "Retro Indy: City came close to being "Motor City"". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. "Community Profiles: Indianapolis, Indiana". Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. "Indianapolis" (PDF). The Indianapolis Star. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. The Indianapolis Star. "Indiana In - Depth Profile: Largest Cities and Towns in Indiana (35,000+)". Indiana Business Research Center, Indiana University, Kelley School of Business. Bodenhamer, David; Barrows, Robert, eds. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. "Ecoregions of Indiana and Ohio" (PDF). Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. "Indiana World War Memorial Plaza Historic District". Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. City of New York Board of Estimate and Apportionment (1916). The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Indianapolis Business Journal. The Indianapolis Star. The Indianapolis Star. "Why Indianapolis is a test case for a fairer form of gentrification". "Total Days With Thunderstorms at US Cities in Summer". "Indianapolis Climatological Information". "Average Weather for Indianapolis International Airport, IN Temperature and Precipitation". "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Indianapolis town/city (balance), Indiana". "Indianapolis (city (balance)), Indiana". "Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Enumeration to 1990". The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Indiana Business Research Center, Indiana University, Kelley School of Business. Enumeration for 2010 reports the female populace for Indianapolis as 424,099 (323,845 were age 18 and over) and the male populace as 396,346 (291,745 were age 18 and over). See "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Indianapolis town/city (balance), Indiana". "Indianapolis, Indiana Religion". "Global town/city GDP rankings 2008 2025". "The Indianapolis Metro Area" (PDF). Indianapolis Business Journal. The Indianapolis Star. "2014 Market Overview: Indianapolis & the CBD" (PDF). "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2015, State of Indiana" (PDF). The Indianapolis Star. "Gen Con LLC Gen Con Attributes Record-Breaking 2014 Numbers to Growing Partnership between Gamers and Indianapolis Community". "Best convention city: Indianapolis tops reader vote". "How Indianapolis, Long Known as a Manufacturing Center, Is Luring Tech Talent". "City christens Market East cultural precinct downtown". Indianapolis Cultural Trail Inc. "Indianapolis Cultural Trail". "Assessment of the Impact of the Indianapolis Cultural Trail: A Legacy of Gene and Marilyn Glick" (PDF). "The new Indianapolis Cultural Trail is a masterpiece of bike-friendly design Cleveland should emulate". "Indianapolis Museum of Art Receives Nation's Highest Award for Community Service". Every Way Possible: 125 Years of the Indianapolis Museum of Art. Indianapolis Museum of Art. Indianapolis Museum of Art. Indianapolis Art Center. Indianapolis Museum of Contemporary Art. "Indianapolis: The Center for the Music Arts?". "The Golden Age: Indiana Literature (1880 1920)". The Indianapolis Star. "Monument Circle: Indianapolis, Indiana". The Indianapolis Star. The Children's Museum of Indianapolis. "Indianapolis Motor Speedway--Indianapolis: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary". "Indianapolis Motor Speedway Museum". Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. The Indianapolis Star. The Indianapolis Star. The Indianapolis Star. The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis Business Journal. Indianapolis Business Journal. "In Indianapolis, the World Comes to Eat". Indianapolis Monthly. The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. "Indianapolis Indians lead Mi - LB in 2016 attendance". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis Business Journal. The Indianapolis Star. "About Indianapolis, Sports and Recreation". Greater Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce. The Indianapolis Star. The Indianapolis Star. "Indianapolis, Indiana". Parks, City of Indianapolis "2015 Indianapolis Region Market Overview" (PDF). Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. "Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System". "2015 Indianapolis Zoo Annual Report" (PDF). Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. The Indianapolis Star. "Indianapolis, IN" (PDF). The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis Star. The Indianapolis Star. City of Indianapolis and Marion County. "Bryan Roach titled new Indianapolis police chief". The Indianapolis Star. "Indianapolis: Tensions Stir As Murder Rate Surges". The Indianapolis Star. The Indianapolis Star. The Indianapolis Star. "Indianapolis Public Schools (5385)". Indianapolis Public Library. "Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis". "Schools: Academics: Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis". "Ivy Tech Community College in Indianapolis, IN". Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Indianapolis Monthly. Indianapolis: Emmis Communications. 21; and Indianapolis, A Walk Through Time, p. "Transportation in Indianapolis: then and now". Indianapolis Public Transportation Corporation. Indianapolis Business Journal. The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis Cultural Trail, Inc. The Indianapolis Star. The Indianapolis Star. The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis Public Transportation Corporation. The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis Airport Authority. "Indianapolis International Airport Airport Facts & Statistics" (PDF). "Indiana State Aviation System Plan" (PDF). "Bus From Chicago to Indianapolis & Indianapolis to Chicago". The Indianapolis Star. The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis Power & Light. Indianapolis Power & Light. Indianapolis Power & Light. City of Indianapolis and Marion County. City of Indianapolis and Marion County. City of Indianapolis and Marion County. Articles relating to Indianapolis and Marion County